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Process layout and Fixed position Layout
It is a layout in which the machines or processes of the same type are grouped together in the same area. It is also called functional layout.In this layout, same type of machine are arranged in one place.
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For Example:
All lathes are kept in one place.All grinding machine are kept in other places.The product is moved through different departments.
This Types of layout is used in job order production and others non repetitive production and maintenance activities.
General purpose machines are used in this Layout.
For Example:
Maintenance shop, sheet metal work.
Advantages:
1. Better and efficient utilization of machines.
2. Less investment in machine.
3. Quantity of production can be easily increased.
4. Production is not affected by break down of one machine or by absence of workers.
5. As jobs change frequently,it becomes interesting to workers.
Disadvantages
1. Material handling is more.
2.more skilled workers and supervisor are needed.
3. Manufacturing time is more.
4. More floor space is required.
5. Less safety.
Fixed position layout
It is a layout in which the major components of the product are kept in a fixed position. Men, material and tools are brought to this place to complete the job.
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| Fixed position layout |
For Example:
1. Ship building.
2. Aircraft assembly.
3. Boiler fabrication
Here the major component of the product is kept in a fixed place. The machineries and tools are brought to brought to this place. The workers go to this place and do the required operations.
Advantages :
1. Material movement is reduced.
2. Flexible to change of product.
3. More workers can be employed from start to finish the ensure continuity.
Disadvantages:
1. Movement of machines to the work places is costly and takes more time
2. Highly skilled workers are needed.
3. Positioning of work and machine are different
4. Supervision is difficult.
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